This paper summarizes the beam test results obtained with a Resistive Silicon Detector (RSD) (additionally known as AC-Low Gain Avalanche Diode, AC-LGAD) pixel array tested on the DESY beam check facility with a 5 GeV/c electron beam. Furthermore, it describes in detail the simulation results of DC-RSD, an evolution of the RSD design. The simulations marketing campaign described in this paper has been instrumental in the definition of the constructions applied within the Fondazione Bruno Kessler FBK first DC-RSD manufacturing. The RSD matrix used in this study is part of the second FBK RSD production, RSD2. 3.4% of the pitch. DC-RSD LGAD, are an evolution of the AC-coupled design, eliminating the dielectric and utilizing a DC-coupling to the electronics. The idea of DC-RSD has been finalized utilizing full 3D Technology-CAD simulations of the sensor conduct. Resistive learn-out, has significantly improved the performance capabilities of silicon sensors in each spatial and temporal resolutions. LGAD (Fig. 1 left) optimized for each spatial and time measurements (4D-monitoring), which make use of an AC-coupled learn-out digital chip and a steady gain implant without any segmentation.

It combines the superb timing capabilities of LGAD with outstanding spatial decision, making it an emerging expertise for 4D monitoring. Then again, completely different drawbacks are linked to the nature of RSD paradigm, e.g. the bipolar conduct of the indicators because of the use of the AC-coupled learn-out, the baseline fluctuation attributable to the collection of the leakage current at the sting of the sensor, and the place-dependent decision. The DC-coupled RSD - or DC-RSD (Fig. 1 right), enables to cope with these issues by eliminating the dielectric and using a DC-coupling to the electronics, while sustaining the benefit of 100% fill issue. Particularly, iTagPro product a full 3D simulation domain guarantees a very correct evaluation of the electrical behavior whereas providing very precise timing data, gaining access to the response of the detector system when it comes to conduction and displacement currents. Within the second a part of this paper, the newest simulation consequence is reported, which has been instrumental for the definition of the design technical implementation for the first DC-RSD manufacturing.

5 GeV/c electron beam. The electrodes are cross-shaped, with arms extending within the x and y directions, leaving a small hole between two adjacent arms. 16-channel amplifier absolutely customized ASIC developed by INFN Torino utilizing 110 nmnm CMOS know-how. Fig. 2 reveals a sketch of the electrodes, the pixels, the gap between the metallic arms, iTagPro online and the x-y reference system used within the evaluation. The RSD2 sensor and the FAST2 ASIC had been mounted on a customized PCB board. The willpower of the hit place in RSD is achieved by first figuring out the pixel with the largest sign, and then combining the information from four electrodes positioned at the nook of selected pixel. The best hit place reconstruction was achieved utilizing a template of how the sign is shared among the many 4 electrodes as a function of the hit position within the pixel. The sign-sharing fraction among the 4 electrodes as a function of position was measured using information collected at a test beam, creating a so-referred to as “sharing template”.

For every occasion, the measured sharing is compared with the sharing templates, and iTagPro online the place in the template that best reproduced the measured sharing is defined because the hit place. The RSD spatial decision is obtained by evaluating the RSD hit position with the data provided by the beam line monitoring telescope. The results clearly present the excellent decision that characterizes sensors with resistive readout, higher than 4% of the pitch for 450-micron pixel. The results of this beam test present that the prevailing RSDs have unprecedented efficiency when it comes to spatial resolution. On the other hand, different drawbacks are linked to the nature of the RSD paradigm, which are (i) the bipolar behavior of the generated indicators on account of the use of the AC-coupled readout